The Great Barrier Reef is experiencing a rare window of recovery due to a break in weather and bleaching events according to the latest observations from marine scientists.
According to the Australian Institute of Marine Science’s Annual Summary Report on Coral Reef Condition, which was released today, conditions have been relatively good for coral recovery during 2020-21.
Researchers surveyed 127 reefs and found that at least 69 had seen an increase in hard coral cover since they were last surveyed.
“This indicates that recovery is well underway, after a particularly intense decade of disturbances prior to this,” monitoring team leader Mike Emslie said.
“We’ve had very few acute disturbances this year,” Dr Emslie said.
“There were no sustained heatwaves leading to coral bleaching, there were no large tropical cyclones.
“Essentially the Great Barrier Reef has had a bit of a breather.”
The improvements come after the Great Barrier Reef experienced its most widespread bleaching event on record early last year.
Dr Emslie said the majority of the coral cover growth was driven by common, fast-growing table and branching corals.
However, he said these corals were the most vulnerable.
“Their fast growth comes at a bit of a cost, their skeletons aren’t as dense as other corals,” Dr Emslie said.
AIMS has warned that the recovery the Great Barrier Reef is currently experiencing is likely to be short-lived with the “increasing prominence” of climate-related disturbances.
“The biggest risk to the reef going forward is climate change,” AIMS chief executive Paul Hardisty said.
“We must reduce emissions if the Great Barrier Reef and frankly other reefs around the world are going to continue to exist in the state in which we recognise them today,” Dr Hardisty said.
The World Heritage Committee, which sits under UNESCO, made a draft recommendation to list the Great Barrier Reef as “in danger” in June.
The decision is expected to be finalised at a meeting in China in the coming days.
AIMS declined to comment on the World Heritage Committee recommendation.
However, research program leader Britta Schaffelke said the latest observations of the Great Barrier Reef did not change a grim outlook which was delivered by the institute in 2019.
“The outlook report assessed the future outlook for the reef to be very poor,” Dr Schaffelke said.
“The reef outlook into the future is still very poor because of the dangers of climate change and other factors.”
‘Incredibly rare moment’
The World Wildlife Fund’s Richard Leck said the report told a story of hope and one of a warning.
“It’s great to see the reef still has resilience and we have seen some significant bounce back in coral species,” he said.
“But this is an incredibly rare moment in time where we haven’t had extreme heat events or crown of thorns outbreaks.
“Those events are more likely to continue into the future.”
Mr Leck said the report strengthened arguments to list the Great Barrier Reef as “in danger”.
“This report reinforces the importance of the decision faced by the World Heritage Committee this week,” he said.